Syria’s national dialogue conference begins as the battered country seeks to rebuild
- Share via
DAMASCUS, Syria — Syria’s new rulers kicked off a long-awaited national dialogue conference Tuesday as a “rare historical opportunity” to rebuild the country after the fall of President Bashar Assad and nearly 14 years of civil war.
About 600 people from across Syria were invited to the gathering in Damascus, hosted by the new authorities led by the Islamist former insurgent group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham. The group led the offensive that ousted Assad in December.
“Just as Syria has liberated itself by itself, it is appropriate for it to build itself by itself,” interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa said at the conference.
“What we are experiencing today is an exceptional and rare historical opportunity in which we must use every moment to serve the interests of our people and our nation and honor the sacrifices of its children,” he said.
Once Syria’s most influential minority, Alawites struggle to move on from their association with a hated dictator.
Syria’s new rulers have promised an inclusive political transition. They will be closely watched by Syrians and the international community, including countries weighing whether to lift sanctions imposed during Assad’s authoritarian rule.
The country faces major challenges, including rebuilding an economy and war-wrecked infrastructure and setting up a new constitution and justice system mechanisms for those accused of war crimes.
Although incidents of revenge and collective punishment have been far less widespread than expected, many in Syria’s minority communities — including Kurds, Christians, Druze and members of Assad’s Alawite sect — are concerned for their future and not convinced by promises of inclusive governance.
Hayat Tahrir al-Sham was affiliated with Al Qaeda but later broke ties with the terrorist network, and Al-Sharaa has since advocated coexistence.
The organizers of the Damascus conference said that all of Syria’s communities were invited. Women and members of minority religious communities were among the attendees.
With Syria’s corruption-ridden economy in shambles after the overthrow of Bashar Assad, the caretaker government’s priority is to raise cash and bring stability.
“There were proposals made without any fear, and we were able to express our opinions,” said Sanabal Marandi, who took part in the session for nongovernmental organizations and civil society. She said she hopes the recommendations “will be implemented in reality.”
At the closing session Tuesday, conference organizing committee member Huda Atassi announced the recommendations reached in the discussions.
The statement called for the country’s leaders to “expedite the announcement of a temporary constitutional declaration” that will address the transitional phase while a new constitution is being drafted. It also called for “accelerating the formation of the interim legislative council” to fill the role of a parliament until new elections take place. Al-Sharaa previously said that it could take up to four years to hold elections.
Syria’s new leaders also face the challenge of transforming former insurgent factions into a national army that they say should control all of the country’s territory. Some armed groups — mainly the U.S.-backed, Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, which holds sway in northeastern Syria — have refused to disarm and dissolve their units.
Syrian Democratic Forces figures weren’t invited to the conference, although the organizers said the Kurdish community would be represented.
A group of mostly Kurdish political parties said in a statement Tuesday that the conference did “not reflect the reality of the Syrian components” and warned that it would be “meaningless, worthless and ineffective and will not contribute to finding real solutions to the crisis that the country is suffering from.”
Along with the internal frictions, Syria’s new authorities face external threats.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Sunday that Israel won’t allow Syria’s new army or Hayat Tahrir al-Sham to “enter the area south of Damascus.” He said that Israel aimed to protect Syria’s Druze, a religious minority who live in southern Syria and in Israel’s Golan Heights.
The eastern province of Deir al-Zour, which remains divided between Syria’s new government and a Kurdish-backed militia, is a hostage to competing ambitions.
After Assad’s fall, Israeli forces moved into territory in southern Syria adjacent to the Israel-annexed Golan Heights and have made clear that they plan to stay indefinitely.
The statement released after the conference condemned Netanyahu’s comments and “the Israeli incursion into Syrian territories as a blatant violation of Syria’s sovereignty.”
Al-Sharaa said at the conference that Syria must “firmly confront anyone who wants to tamper with our security and unity.”
Interim Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shibani said that Syria’s new authorities “will not accept any violation of our sovereignty or the independence of our national decisions.” He also touted the government’s efforts to rebuild diplomatic ties with Arab and Western countries, and push for lifting sanctions.
Also on Tuesday, hundreds of demonstrators gathered in the Druze heartland of Suwayda and the southern city of Dara to protest against Netanyahu’s comments.
Nour Alameddine, a university student, displayed a sign: “Syria is not for sale, Syria is united.”
Suwayda “is part of Syria. We do not want it to be under Israeli occupation,” she said. After Assad’s fall, “we want to be part of a united Syria.”
Albam and Sewell write for the Associated Press. Omar Sanadiki in Suwayda and Hogir Abdo in Qamishli contributed to this report.
Sign up for Essential California
The most important California stories and recommendations in your inbox every morning.
You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times.
